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In this paper we propose a system that will allow people to communicate their status with friends and family when they find themselves caught up in a large disaster (e.g., sending "I'm fine" in the immediate aftermath of an earthq...
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In this paper we propose a system that will allow people to communicate their status with friends and family when they find themselves caught up in a large disaster (e.g., sending "I'm fine" in the immediate aftermath of an earthquake). Since communication between a disaster zone and the non-affected world is often highly constrained we design the system around lightweight triggers such that people can communicate status with only crude infrastructure (or even sneaker-nets). In this paper we provide the high level system design, discuss the security aspects of the system and study the overall feasibility of a purpose-built social networking system for communication during an emergency.
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Abstract Public health emergencies, especially major infectious diseases, may cause global crises. Timely and effective communication is essential for response to such incidents. However, the emergency response to such incidents u...
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Abstract Public health emergencies, especially major infectious diseases, may cause global crises. Timely and effective communication is essential for response to such incidents. However, the emergency response to such incidents usually lasts longer and break out repeatedly, and the existing static emergency communication network (ECN) analysis cannot fully reflect the dynamic information interaction between organizations during the emergency process. Therefore, this article takes the recent COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei, China as a case, and uses social network analysis to reveal the dynamic evolution of communication networks, positions, roles, and tasks of organizations from the time dimension. The results show that: (1) the ECN has changed from concentrated to decentralized over time; (2) the positions and roles of participating organizations in the ECN has changed, but there are still a few key organizations that at the central position in all phases of emergency communication; (3) the core tasks have changed due to emergency needs at each stage; (4) under the concentrated management system, the core organization of the ECN mainly comes from government organizations. The research results reveal the dynamic evolution of communication networks between different types of emergency organizations, which is beneficial to guide emergency management of public health emergencies. In actual emergency, the emergency communication mode should be dynamically adjusted based on the characteristics of the emergency situation at different stages, comprehensively using the advantages of the concentrated and decentralized emergency network. In addition, communication between different types of organizations such as governments, research institutions, and enterprises should be strengthened, and channels for diversified organizations to participate in emergency communication should be set up. The research helps to improve communication between emergency response organizations and is of great significance to controlling and reducing the harm caused by public health emergencies.
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Current understanding of the emergence of communication networks is hindered by at least two limitations: (a) studies tend to incorporate only 1 theoretical mechanism, and (b) studies tend to be cross-sectional. We address these c...
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Current understanding of the emergence of communication networks is hindered by at least two limitations: (a) studies tend to incorporate only 1 theoretical mechanism, and (b) studies tend to be cross-sectional. We address these concerns by analyzing the influence of 11 factors on the evolution of a communication network over 2 years. Our model is grounded in the multitheory, multilevel framework, and our analysis uses recently developed actor-oriented techniques for statistically modeling network emergence. Results suggest accurate and complete understanding of network evolution depends on studies simultaneously incorporating multiple theories that offer both complementary and contrasting explanations of the phenomenon.
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The study of emerged community structure is an important challenge in networks analysis. In fact, several methods have been proposed in the literature to statistically determine the significance of discovered structures. Neverthel...
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The study of emerged community structure is an important challenge in networks analysis. In fact, several methods have been proposed in the literature to statistically determine the significance of discovered structures. Nevertheless, most of existing analysis models consider only the structural aspect of emerged communities. We are interested in studying the robustness of emerged communities in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. More precisely, we consider the emerged communities in the induced graph by all the exchanges in these networks. Hence, rather than examining the robustness only on the structural properties of the graph, we will focus on the parameters that allow the emergence of community structures. In fact, perturbing these parameters might destroy most of the obtained properties at the emerged level. To the best of our knowledge, robustness of networks has never been considered from this angle before. In this paper, we study the impact of perturbing the content and the profile of nodes on the emerged communities in P2P networks. We show how these alterations affect both structure and information supported by the emerged structures.
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The Nuclear Emergency influence domain spreads over a large number of systems of different natures. Nuclear Emergency Plans (NEPs) are usually designed using a top-down approach, establishing a hierarchy working as a command chain...
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The Nuclear Emergency influence domain spreads over a large number of systems of different natures. Nuclear Emergency Plans (NEPs) are usually designed using a top-down approach, establishing a hierarchy working as a command chain. Although this provides advantages in terms of control, it might not be flexible enough to face unpredicted emergent behaviors due to complex interactions among the systems involved. Using a real case study, this work models the organizational framework defined in a NEP and analyzes its communication and command chain network structure. We also discuss the results of the communication and command chain network analysis to facilitate the assessment of key indicators to improve the NEP: resilience, adaptability, and responsiveness.
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摘要 :
Nowadays, daily human life is closely intertwined
with various networks. When natural disasters or
malicious attacks break out, the failure of communication
infrastructure due to direct destruction or indirect impact
tends to ...
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Nowadays, daily human life is closely intertwined
with various networks. When natural disasters or
malicious attacks break out, the failure of communication
infrastructure due to direct destruction or indirect impact
tends to cause a massive outage of communications.
Emergency communication networks play a significant
role in rescue operations. Recently, a flexible and efficient
solution has been provided for emergency communications
using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). By means of
their excellent characteristics, UAVs, serving as aerial base
stations (ABSs), can be rapidly deployed to temporarily
rebuild a damaged communication network to restore
the users’ connectivity. In this study, we investigate the
use of UAVs as ABSs for an emergency communication
scene where user equipment is unevenly distributed
and the communication infrastructure has completely
failed due to a severe disaster. Effective communication
probability (ECP), which integrates throughput coverage
and connectivity, is used to evaluate the performance
of a communication network. Through simulations,
we analyze communication improvements that can be
obtained by the flexible deployment of ABSs. The results
show a noticeable increase in ECP when some ABSs are
deployed in optimal locations.
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The wireless ad hoc network is expected to be used as an alternative of the existing mobile communication network to make users communicate when a large-scale disaster occurs. It is also expected to be deployed to search robot res...
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The wireless ad hoc network is expected to be used as an alternative of the existing mobile communication network to make users communicate when a large-scale disaster occurs. It is also expected to be deployed to search robot rescue system in a closed space of disaster struck area. In this paper, we propose two communication models by use of wireless ad hoc network. One is a real city communication model considering the disaster occurs. The other is a search robot communication model in the closed spaces. We analyze and evaluate the communication performance of these two network models by using the network simulator.
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Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can play an important role in leveraging social networks for emergency communications and recovery involving persons with disabilities, provided that proper consideration is given ...
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Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can play an important role in leveraging social networks for emergency communications and recovery involving persons with disabilities, provided that proper consideration is given to the strengths and weaknesses of the distributed nature of online resources in relation to the instrumental, psychological and social needs of persons with disabilities in the context of disasters or other emergency events. Emergency and disaster events inherently involve uncertainty and dynamic risk factors, and pose design and implementation challenges for inclusive planning and delivery systems. The involvement of persons with disabilities as key stakeholders throughout the developmental and evaluation process is critical to the effectiveness of online social networks in bridging real-world concerns with virtual resources. An analytical model for understanding the role of distributed networks in mediating the negative impacts of a disaster or an emergency on persons with disabilities is proposed, together with key objectives for change.
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Emergency situations such as wildfires, water floods, or even terrorist attacks require continuous communication between the coordination centres, the several on-the-field teams, and their respective devices to properly address th...
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Emergency situations such as wildfires, water floods, or even terrorist attacks require continuous communication between the coordination centres, the several on-the-field teams, and their respective devices to properly address the adverse circumstances. From a technological point of view, this can be best seen as a live Ubiquitous Sensor Network—composed of human beings (e.g., first responders, victims) and devices (e.g., drones, environmental sensors, radios)—with stringent and special communication requirements in terms of flexibility, mobility, reliability, bandwidth, heterogeneity, and speed of deployment. However, for this specific use case, most of the already deployed and well-known communication technologies (e.g., satellite, 4G/5G) might become unusable and hard to repair due to the associated effects of the disaster itself. The purpose of this paper is (1) to review the emergency communications challenges, (2) to analyse the existing surveys on technologies for emergency situations, (3) to conduct a more updated, extensive, and systematic review of the emergency communications’ technologies, and (4) to propose a heterogeneous communication architecture able to communicate between moving agents in harsh conditions. The proposed approach is conceived to link the relocating agents that constitute a Ubiquitous Sensor Network spanning a large-scale area (i.e., hundreds of square kilometres) by combining Near Vertical Incidence Skywave technologies with Drone-Based Wireless Mesh Networks. The conclusions derived from this research aim to set up the fundamentals of a rapidly deployable Emergency Communications System inspired by the Ubiquitous Sensor Network paradigm.
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Effective communication and coordination are crucial aspects of emergency management. This study examines how organizational representatives perceive information communication technologies (ICTs) in communication and coordination ...
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Effective communication and coordination are crucial aspects of emergency management. This study examines how organizational representatives perceive information communication technologies (ICTs) in communication and coordination with other organizations. Furthermore, it investigates whether the centrality of organizations in emergency management networks relates to ICT utilization. We found that although many central organizations in emergency preparedness networks have high levels of ICT utilization, ICTs are underused by central organizations in friendship networks and emergency response networks. An organization's level of ICT utilization needs to match its organizational goal, mission, structure, ICT capacity, and the role that it plays within emergency management networks.
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